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Hammertoe is a common foot deformity where one or more toes bend abnormally at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. This condition affects millions of people and can range from a flexible, minor inconvenience to a rigid, painful problem requiring medical intervention. Understanding diagnosis and treatment options helps patients make informed decisions about their foot health.

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination where podiatrists assess toe flexibility, observe your gait, and identify areas of pain or callus formation. They'll ask about your footwear habits, activity levels, and family history since genetics play a significant role. X-rays help determine the severity and whether the joint has become rigid, which influences treatment approaches.

Conservative treatments work well for flexible hammertoes. These include wearing roomier shoes with adequate toe space, using custom orthotics to redistribute pressure, performing toe exercises to maintain flexibility, and applying padding or straps to relieve discomfort. Physical therapy can strengthen surrounding muscles and improve toe alignment.

When conservative methods fail or the deformity becomes rigid and painful, surgical intervention may be necessary. Procedures range from simple tendon releases to joint fusion or bone removal, depending on severity. Modern minimally invasive techniques reduce recovery time and scarring.

Prevention remains the best approach. Choosing proper footwear with sufficient toe room, avoiding high heels for extended periods, and addressing foot problems early can prevent hammertoe development. Regular foot examinations, especially for those with diabetes or arthritis, help catch problems before they become severe and require invasive treatment.